Fig. 1

Home ranges (95% kernel density estimates) of five study groups of black howler monkeys at Palenque National Park (Naha: purple; Motiepa: red; Pakal: pink; Balam: brown; Unites: blue) overlaid on top of elevation contour lines (white lines). Within the home ranges of each study group, we show all recorded travel bouts (black continuous lines), as well as the frequency (green-red scale) that travel segments were used. The geographic distribution of Alouatta pigra is shown in the top right of the figure (data from IUCN [50])